Azure Durable Functions

10 minute read

Description:

This will be a post of me following along with the quickstart. Durable Functions are just like regular functions except they consist of three functions instead of one. Here are their roles:

  • Orchestrator function - describes a workflow that orchestrates other functions.
  • Activity function - called by the orchestrator function, performs work, and optionally returns a value.
  • Client function - a regular Azure Function that starts an orchestrator function. This example uses an HTTP triggered function.

Note: You can see the code for this post at my Github repo.

To Resolve:

  1. First, create a new project inside the /dev folder following my local development post using the Azure Functions VSCode Extension.

  2. Add azure-functions-durable to requirements.txt then install by running .venv\scripts\activate followed by python -m pip install -r requirements.txt.

  3. Next, create each of the functions:

    • First, create a function using template ‘Durable Functions orchestrator’. Called it MyOrchestrator.
    • Next, create a function using template ‘Durable Functions activity’. Called it MyActivity.
    • Last, create a function using template ‘Durable Functions HTTP starter’. Called it MyHTTP.

  4. Now edit MyOrchestrator to call MyActivity instead of the default Hello

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    import logging
import json
import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


def orchestrator_function(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext):
   result1 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "Tokyo")
   result2 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "Seattle")
   result3 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "London")
   logging.info("completed!")
   return [result1, result2, result3]

main = df.Orchestrator.create(orchestrator_function)
    • Also edit MyHTTP to add in logs to say it is starting:
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    import logging

import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


async def main(req: func.HttpRequest, starter: str) -> func.HttpResponse:
   client = df.DurableOrchestrationClient(starter)
   instance_id = await client.start_new(req.route_params["functionName"], None, None)

   logging.info("starting...")
   logging.info(f"Started orchestration with ID = '{instance_id}'.")


   return client.create_check_status_response(req, instance_id)

  5. Edit MyActivity to import sleep and add a 3 minute pause. Since this will be called 3 times we ensure this bypasses Function App default 5 minute intervals.

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    import logging
from time import sleep

def main(name: str) -> str:
   logging.info("processing...")
   sleep(180)
   return f"Hello {name}!"

  6. Edit logging in host.json to include our functions so that we can see the output of logging.info() statements:

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    {
   "version": "2.0",
   "logging": {
      "fileLoggingMode": "debugOnly",
      "logLevel": {
         "Function.MyActivity": "Information",
         "Function.MyHTTP": "Information",
         "Function.MyOrchestrator": "Information",
         "default": "None"
      },
      "applicationInsights": {
         "httpAutoCollectionOptions": {
            "enableHttpTriggerExtendedInfoCollection": true,
            "enableW3CDistributedTracing": true,
            "enableResponseHeaderInjection": true
         }
      }
   }
}
  7. Type func start host.
    • First it gave the error: Missing value for AzureWebJobsStorage in local.settings.json. This is required for all triggers other than httptrigger, kafkatrigger. You can run 'func azure functionapp fetch-app-settings <functionAppName>' or specify a connection string in local.settings.json.
    • So I went into one of my already running Function App settings and grabbed the AzureWebJob value and pasted it in like it said to. This is because durable functions need storage accounts to keep track of requests.
    • Now we trigger it through Postman by calling http://localhost:7071/api/orchestrators/MyOrchestrator
    • Grab its statusQueryGetUri or click on it. Either way, do a GET against it:
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    {
   "name": "MyOrchestrator",
   "instanceId": "c712394922604d48a474f851b5cb43ea",
   "runtimeStatus": "Running",
   "input": null,
   "customStatus": null,
   "output": null,
   "createdTime": "2021-05-07T12:51:54Z",
   "lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-07T12:51:54Z"
}
    • You can keep clicking Send in Postman against that GET URL a couple times until it finishes 9 minutes later.
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    {
   "name": "MyOrchestrator",
   "instanceId": "c712394922604d48a474f851b5cb43ea",
   "runtimeStatus": "Completed",
   "input": null,
   "customStatus": null,
   "output": [
      "Hello Tokyo!",
      "Hello Seattle!",
      "Hello London!"
   ],
   "createdTime": "2021-05-07T12:51:54Z",
   "lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-07T13:00:56Z"
}
    • Finally look at the logs and we see how it took 9 minutes to execute (see the processing statements at 51, 54, and 57?):
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    [2021-05-07T12:51:47.357Z] Host lock lease acquired by instance ID '00000000000000000000000096ED6998'.
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.452Z] Executing 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Reason='This function was programmatically called via the host APIs.', Id=bf10f167-c8e2-48d3-b0f0-d01bdcb2bff8)
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.630Z] starting...
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.633Z] Started orchestration with ID = 'c712394922604d48a474f851b5cb43ea'.
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.679Z] Executed 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Succeeded, Id=bf10f167-c8e2-48d3-b0f0-d01bdcb2bff8, Duration=257ms)
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.736Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=60a04ce5-4aa7-47c8-968a-57dd235844c2)
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.809Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=60a04ce5-4aa7-47c8-968a-57dd235844c2, Duration=78ms)
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.931Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=6823bec4-6098-4267-a272-bec27ba9f1fb)
[2021-05-07T12:51:54.937Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T12:54:54.940Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=6823bec4-6098-4267-a272-bec27ba9f1fb, Duration=180011ms)
[2021-05-07T12:54:55.310Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=a5681bf8-1ae1-417a-9bc0-d31c92f0d1cc)
[2021-05-07T12:54:55.322Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=a5681bf8-1ae1-417a-9bc0-d31c92f0d1cc, Duration=14ms)
[2021-05-07T12:54:55.391Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=4a5826e3-a285-4fed-9b07-1bb4414c71a8)
[2021-05-07T12:54:55.396Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T12:57:55.398Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=4a5826e3-a285-4fed-9b07-1bb4414c71a8, Duration=180006ms)
[2021-05-07T12:57:55.798Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=e31b5b4f-5c5f-4e2a-806e-12a360f5ffd4)
[2021-05-07T12:57:55.808Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=e31b5b4f-5c5f-4e2a-806e-12a360f5ffd4, Duration=12ms)
[2021-05-07T12:57:55.880Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=7ab3a58f-b143-443d-90a3-57b84e86fbb5)
[2021-05-07T12:57:55.886Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:00:55.888Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=7ab3a58f-b143-443d-90a3-57b84e86fbb5, Duration=180008ms)
[2021-05-07T13:00:56.250Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=7b7eefdc-65f0-4014-96e3-c388a5c61efc)
[2021-05-07T13:00:56.262Z] completed!
[2021-05-07T13:00:56.270Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=7b7eefdc-65f0-4014-96e3-c388a5c61efc, Duration=21ms)

  8. Now let’s see what happens if we do one step, but make it 10 minutes long.

    • First, edit MyOrchestrator to look like this:
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    import logging
import json

import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


def orchestrator_function(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext):
   result1 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "Tokyo")
   result2 = 'blah2'
   result3 = 'blah3'
   #result2 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "Seattle")
   #result3 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', "London")
   logging.info("completed!")
   return [result1, result2, result3]

main = df.Orchestrator.create(orchestrator_function)
    • Then edit MyActivity to pause for 10 minutes instead of 3
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    import logging
from time import sleep

def main(name: str) -> str:
   logging.info("processing...")
   sleep(600)
   return f"Hello {name}!"
    • Now run it
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    {
   "name": "MyOrchestrator",
   "instanceId": "4ed961d7558a4dad9a36001f19f542da",
   "runtimeStatus": "Running",
   "input": null,
   "customStatus": null,
   "output": null,
   "createdTime": "2021-05-06T22:05:02Z",
   "lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-06T22:05:02Z"
}
    • Looks good. Let’s wait again.
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    {
   "name": "MyOrchestrator",
   "instanceId": "4ed961d7558a4dad9a36001f19f542da",
   "runtimeStatus": "Completed",
   "input": null,
   "customStatus": null,
   "output": [
      "Hello Tokyo!",
      "blah2",
      "blah3"
   ],
   "createdTime": "2021-05-06T22:05:02Z",
   "lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-06T22:15:07Z"
}
    • Nice, one step and it took 10 minutes! Let’s check the logs:
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    [2021-05-06T22:05:02.304Z] Executing 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Reason='This function was programmatically called via the host APIs.', Id=464c8589-20a0-48b5-93c7-a76b372c2607)
[2021-05-06T22:05:02.487Z] starting...
[2021-05-06T22:05:02.491Z] Started orchestration with ID = '4ed961d7558a4dad9a36001f19f542da'.
[2021-05-06T22:05:02.496Z] Executed 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Succeeded, Id=464c8589-20a0-48b5-93c7-a76b372c2607, Duration=192ms)
[2021-05-06T22:05:05.803Z] Host lock lease acquired by instance ID '00000000000000000000000096ED6998'.
[2021-05-06T22:05:06.956Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=049f9e11-704d-47f9-80e3-a58fa124dc1f)
[2021-05-06T22:05:06.990Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=049f9e11-704d-47f9-80e3-a58fa124dc1f, Duration=36ms)
[2021-05-06T22:05:07.092Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=08c054f0-3822-4b0c-9482-aa90a434e51a)
[2021-05-06T22:05:07.098Z] processing...
[2021-05-06T22:15:07.101Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=08c054f0-3822-4b0c-9482-aa90a434e51a, Duration=600010ms)
[2021-05-06T22:15:07.456Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=6d783445-bafa-4624-9838-3d738c0cde26)
[2021-05-06T22:15:07.467Z] completed!
[2021-05-06T22:15:07.479Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=6d783445-bafa-4624-9838-3d738c0cde26, Duration=25ms)

  9. Now let’s see what happens if we do 3 steps, but pass in a dict object instead of string.

    • First, edit MyOrchestrator to look like this:
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    import logging
import json

import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


def orchestrator_function(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext):

   name = { "firstname": "Darth", "lastname": "Vader"}
   employee = {
   'name': {
      'firstname': 'Darth',
      'lastname': 'Vader'
      },
   'dateofjoining': {
      'day': 1,
      'month': 5,
      'year': 2017
      }
   }


   result1 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', name)
   #result2 = 'blah2'
   #result3 = 'blah3'
   result2 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', employee)
   result3 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', employee["dateofjoining"])
   logging.info("completed!")
   return [result1, result2, result3]

main = df.Orchestrator.create(orchestrator_function)
    • Then edit MyActivity to accept input of type dict and return a type of dict
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    import logging
from time import sleep

def main(name: dict) -> dict:
   logging.info("processing...")
   sleep(1)
   return f"Dict: {name}!"
    • Now run it. No need to wait since it will do 3 iterations one second each
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    {
   "name": "MyOrchestrator",
   "instanceId": "5cfebaf36ba848dd8b6d70adeb7b7979",
   "runtimeStatus": "Completed",
   "input": null,
   "customStatus": null,
   "output": [
      "Dict: {'firstname': 'Darth', 'lastname': 'Vader'}!",
      "Dict: {'name': {'firstname': 'Darth', 'lastname': 'Vader'}, 'dateofjoining': {'day': 1, 'month': 5, 'year': 2017}}!",
      "Dict: {'day': 1, 'month': 5, 'year': 2017}!"
   ],
   "createdTime": "2021-05-07T13:12:29Z",
   "lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-07T13:12:33Z"
}
    • Logs:
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    [2021-05-07T13:12:29.629Z] Executed 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Succeeded, Id=6ec469fd-b2db-4b01-90f5-f9e43af3c4f0, Duration=262ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:29.953Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=59ccd413-7010-4d50-b104-409e823940fd)
[2021-05-07T13:12:29.994Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=59ccd413-7010-4d50-b104-409e823940fd, Duration=48ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:30.093Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=338277bc-7ceb-48ae-8b0a-b826d996b9f5)
[2021-05-07T13:12:30.099Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:12:31.110Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=338277bc-7ceb-48ae-8b0a-b826d996b9f5, Duration=1019ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:31.260Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=e91cd494-4f90-4561-b940-7d04d5598eec)
[2021-05-07T13:12:31.275Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=e91cd494-4f90-4561-b940-7d04d5598eec, Duration=16ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:31.344Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=75037eb1-1ac4-4d7c-9df5-20479ac41b2a)
[2021-05-07T13:12:31.353Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:12:32.360Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=75037eb1-1ac4-4d7c-9df5-20479ac41b2a, Duration=1015ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:32.536Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=e76d8f7d-ff82-4b42-abad-31be37dfbfe6)
[2021-05-07T13:12:32.548Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=e76d8f7d-ff82-4b42-abad-31be37dfbfe6, Duration=12ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:32.616Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=948cdc07-6b02-4be7-b556-7ba261ef8782)
[2021-05-07T13:12:32.622Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:12:33.629Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=948cdc07-6b02-4be7-b556-7ba261ef8782, Duration=1013ms)
[2021-05-07T13:12:33.759Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=bc478630-de35-4483-84ec-77009a12a895)
[2021-05-07T13:12:33.769Z] completed!
[2021-05-07T13:12:33.776Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=bc478630-de35-4483-84ec-77009a12a895, Duration=17ms)
    • What have we learned?
      • Passing name = { "firstname": "Darth", "lastname": "Vader"} to the Activity function results in "Dict: {'firstname': 'Darth', 'lastname': 'Vader'}!",
      • Passing employee = { 'name': { 'firstname': 'Darth', 'lastname': 'Vader' }, 'dateofjoining': { 'day': 1, 'month': 5, 'year': 2017 } } results in "Dict: {'name': {'firstname': 'Darth', 'lastname': 'Vader'}, 'dateofjoining': {'day': 1, 'month': 5, 'year': 2017}}!",
      • Finally, passing employee["dateofjoining"] results in "Dict: {'day': 1, 'month': 5, 'year': 2017}!"
      • Since all my HTTP functions receive JSON payloads and return JSON payloads, this is almost all I need for now. Last thing is to see if we can get the json payload from the body of the HTTP trigger from the user when they call MyHTTP.

  10. Now let’s see what happens if we pass in a dict in the initial call and pass it along to the Activity function.

    • So, first, I’m going to pass in the following payload to my function
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    import requests
import json

url = "http://localhost:7071/api/orchestrators/MyOrchestrator"

payload = json.dumps({
"firstname": "Darth",
"lastname": "Vader"
})
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}

response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)

print(response.text)
    • To capture this, I need to edit my MyHTTP function like so:
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    import logging

import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


async def main(req: func.HttpRequest, starter: str) -> func.HttpResponse:
      
  req_body = req.get_json()
  #logging.info(f"Request body as json: {req_body}")

  first_name = req_body["firstname"]
  logging.info(f"Extracted First Name: {first_name}")

  last_name = req_body["lastname"]
  logging.info(f"Extracted Lastname: {last_name}")

  payload = {
     "first_name" : first_name,
     "last_name" : last_name
  }

  client = df.DurableOrchestrationClient(starter)
  instance_id = await client.start_new(req.route_params["functionName"], None, payload)

  logging.info("starting...")
  logging.info(f"Started orchestration with ID = '{instance_id}'.")


  return client.create_check_status_response(req, instance_id)

    • How did I know to pass payload as the third param? I read the docs

    • Next, edit MyOrchestrator to look like this:

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    import logging
import json

import azure.functions as func
import azure.durable_functions as df


def orchestrator_function(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext):

input = context.get_input()
payload = dict(input)
result1 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', payload)
result2 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', payload)
result3 = yield context.call_activity('MyActivity', payload)
logging.info("completed!")
return [result1, result2, result3]

main = df.Orchestrator.create(orchestrator_function)

    • How did I know to get the payload context.get_input() as the input param? I read the docs

    • Then edit MyActivity to accept input of type dict and return a type of dict

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    import logging
from time import sleep

def main(name: dict) -> dict:
logging.info("processing...")
sleep(1)
return f"Dict: {name}!"
    • Now run it. No need to wait since it will do 3 iterations one second each
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    {
"name": "MyOrchestrator",
"instanceId": "c37f9889f28442d98bf7a29faa4415ce",
"runtimeStatus": "Completed",
"input": "{\"first_name\": \"Darth\", \"last_name\": \"Vader\"}",
"customStatus": null,
"output": [
  "Dict: {'first_name': 'Darth', 'last_name': 'Vader'}!",
  "Dict: {'first_name': 'Darth', 'last_name': 'Vader'}!",
  "Dict: {'first_name': 'Darth', 'last_name': 'Vader'}!"
],
"createdTime": "2021-05-07T13:43:31Z",
"lastUpdatedTime": "2021-05-07T13:43:36Z"
}
    • Logs:
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    [2021-05-07T13:43:31.812Z] Executing 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Reason='This function was programmatically called via the host APIs.', Id=c4c4a50e-6e26-49f5-9081-4f9438c512ae)
[2021-05-07T13:43:31.821Z] Extracted First Name: Darth
[2021-05-07T13:43:31.823Z] Extracted Lastname: Vader
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.125Z] starting...
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.129Z] Started orchestration with ID = 'c37f9889f28442d98bf7a29faa4415ce'.
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.131Z] Executed 'Functions.MyHTTP' (Succeeded, Id=c4c4a50e-6e26-49f5-9081-4f9438c512ae, Duration=319ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.157Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=71f9937f-1cd9-4e64-bf4f-ebd5ec0c074a)       
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.163Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=71f9937f-1cd9-4e64-bf4f-ebd5ec0c074a, Duration=6ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.455Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=5409e172-3074-4d2b-8788-5f2c8e5355c5)
[2021-05-07T13:43:32.460Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:43:33.462Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=5409e172-3074-4d2b-8788-5f2c8e5355c5, Duration=1007ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:33.593Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=c849d364-d8a7-4947-99f2-ad59857cd877)       
[2021-05-07T13:43:33.601Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=c849d364-d8a7-4947-99f2-ad59857cd877, Duration=8ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:33.669Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=bcb9d51d-4387-4614-8a0c-dc1f70607655)
[2021-05-07T13:43:33.674Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:43:34.680Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=bcb9d51d-4387-4614-8a0c-dc1f70607655, Duration=1011ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:34.865Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=bb625d76-3ad5-4078-ba5e-0db7a8fd24fd)
[2021-05-07T13:43:34.875Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=bb625d76-3ad5-4078-ba5e-0db7a8fd24fd, Duration=9ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:34.941Z] Executing 'Functions.MyActivity' (Reason='(null)', Id=62032eb3-4791-4c44-8c07-910b8039a943)
[2021-05-07T13:43:34.948Z] processing...
[2021-05-07T13:43:35.950Z] Executed 'Functions.MyActivity' (Succeeded, Id=62032eb3-4791-4c44-8c07-910b8039a943, Duration=1008ms)
[2021-05-07T13:43:36.079Z] Executing 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Reason='(null)', Id=ef56cbbd-f1b9-4352-993e-69525c800967)
[2021-05-07T13:43:36.088Z] completed!
[2021-05-07T13:43:36.091Z] Executed 'Functions.MyOrchestrator' (Succeeded, Id=ef56cbbd-f1b9-4352-993e-69525c800967, Duration=12ms)
    • One more thing, let’s change name to payload by updating the function.json associated with the function:
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    {
"scriptFile": "__init__.py",
"bindings": [
  {
     "name": "payload",
     "type": "activityTrigger",
     "direction": "in"
  }
]
}
    • Now we can update our passed in param name:
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    import logging
from time import sleep

def main(payload: dict) -> dict:
logging.info("processing...")
sleep(1)
return f"Dict: {payload}!"
    • What have we learned?
      • I can now pass in a JSON payload and have the function process the data. This is all I need for now. Will update later with more stuff.
  11. Lastly, I just follow my post on creating a Function App

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